policies of personnel department organizational structure manpower planning recruitment selection personnel training job challenges promotion demotion separation replacement job analysis description specification and design performance appraisal job evaluation and grading personnel compensation payment of wages and salaries personnel compensation incentives schemes and fringe benefits motivation of employees leadership directing human activities group dynamics communication executive development industrial discipline and psychology industrial relations and dispute grievances handling procedure trade unions and collective bargaining labour welfare employee safety and health workers participation in management personnel research and audit human relations and ethics in an organization human resource development