Includes bibliographical references (p. 82-91).

Introduction -- Literature on health risks and effects of droughts and floods -- Methodology -- Droughts and floods health risks -- Management of droughts and floods health risk and effects -- Coordination mechanisms for reducing the health risks and effects of drought and floods -- Resources, capacity and policies to reduce the health risks and effects of droughts and floods -- Conclusion and recommendations.

"Droughts and floods are becoming more frequent and increasingly severe in Kenya, with serious ramifications. This paper discusses the nature of health risks and effects emanating from droughts and floods in prone counties of Kenya, how they affect the health of Kenyans in the prone areas, how these health risks and effects need to be dealt with in terms of prevention, preparedness, response and recovery, and the key actors and gaps in line with the international frameworks of action. The paper is based on a primary survey of households, key informant interviews and secondary information. The survey was conducted in February-March 2018 on a sample comprising 1,370 households selected with the assistance of Kenya National Bureau of Statistics from their sample frame in the prone counties, while Key Informant interviews were conducted on purposefully selected county and national government officials, non-governmental agencies, financial institutions, insurance companies and private sector institutions involved in combating health risks and effects associated with droughts and floods across 27 drought and flood-prone counties. The household data were analyzed using Stata for quantitative outputs and manual qualitative techniques for Key informant information. The findings are presented herein in charts, tables and discussions. The results revealed that both droughts and floods pose serious health risks and have immediate, short-term and long-term health effects, majorly manifested in water, air, food, dust, and vector borne diseases that include malaria, cholera, typhoid, dysentery, intestinal worms, diarrhoea, hepatitis A, malnutrition, pneumonia, flu and other respiratory diseases, and mental illness, which was in concurrence with reviewed literature. The conclusion is that the health effects of droughts and floods are not effectively prevented, prepared for, or even responded to, and recovery is not effectively achieved. Moreover, the main actors in reducing these health risks and effects work independently with no coordination, leading to inefficient use of already scarce resources and continued health emergencies. The key recommendation is that Kenya needs to put in place and/ or strengthen policy frameworks that guide preventive, preparedness, response and recovery measures and a coordination mechanism for reduced health risks from droughts and floods and related health emergencies for improved health and economic advancement." --Abstract